The Secret of Roan Inish

January 18th, 2010

The Secret of Roan Inish is an American independent film written and directed by John Sayles, and released in 1994. It’s based on the novel The Secret of Ron Mor Skerry, by Rosalie K. Fry. It is centered on the Irish and Orcadian folklores of selkies—seals that can shed their skins to become human. The story, set on the west coast of Ireland, is about Fiona, a young girl who is sent to live with her grandparents near the island of Roan Inish, where the selkies are rumored to reside. It is an old family legend that her younger brother was swept away in his infancy and raised by a selkie. Part of the film takes place in Donegal. The movie has been widely praised for its uniqueness and its breathtaking cinematography filmed by Haskell Wexler.

The story is told from the point-of-view of Fiona — played by Jeni Courtney — a young girl who is sent to live with her grandparents in an Irish fishing village. Her grandfather weaves tall tales about the family’s evacuation from their home on the tiny island of Roan Inish and his great-great grandfather, who once cheated death at the hands of the sea. As she meets other villagers, Fiona hears more personal stories about an ancestor who married a beautiful, part-human/part-seal, and more about how the sea stole her baby brother during the departure from Roan Inish. Later, Fiona believes that she has found Jamie romping in the grass on Roan Inish, and she must convince the family of her vision.

Although in the original novel the story takes place in Sotland, the filmmakers decided to have the film take place in Ireland for practical reasons.  Critic Stephen Holden, of The New York Times, liked the film’s direction. He wrote, “The Secret of Roan Inish is the first film directed by Mr. Sayles that could be described as visually rhapsodic. Photographed by Haskell Wexler on Ireland’s rugged northwestern seacoast, it is a cinematic tone poem in which man and nature, myth and reality flow together in a way that makes them ultimately indivisible.

A beautiful story, that captures the selkie legend with a touch of innocence. 5 Golden Stars from CelticRadio.net:

Picture Gallery from the Movie: The Secret of Roan Inish

The Metamorphosis

January 18th, 2010

The ‘Metamorphosis’, by Franz Kafka, is an intriguing tale of a young man by the name of Gregor Samsa who awakes one morning to discover that he has been transformed into a beetle bug. Gregor’s family is horrified, not only because of his disgusting appearance, but because he is the sole provider for his father, mother and sister. Without Gregor’s salary to sustain his family needs and to pay off his father’s debt from a failed business, the family appears to be financially doomed. As the story progresses, Kafka takes great pain in describing the details of Gregor’s new life as a bug. His family, once dysfunctional and relying on Gregor to support all of their necessities, changes to compensate for their new way of life. The father and mother, prior to Gregor’s metamorphosis, live a sedentary and illness plagued life, spending most of their time in bed or on the couch. Gregor’s sister seems content with her everyday affairs of sleeping late and getting dressed, but does not seem to have any plans to have a future. By the end of Kafka’s story, it is apparent that not only did Gregor undergo a metamorphosis, but so did his family. The family, once totally dependent upon Gregor, becomes self-sufficient. When Gregor succumbs to death, as a result of the abusive treatment by his family, there is a great sense of relief felt by his father, mother and sister and which could be compared to the death of a terminal ill relative.

After Gregor’s metamorphosis, his family, once totally dependent upon Gregor for all of their financial needs, begins to undergo a metamorphosis of their own. While the family undergoes their own metamorphosis, they begin to see Gregor in a different light. They were all mortified at Gregor’s transformation to a bug, but they at least initially tolerated the fact that he was living under the same roof. The sister kept Gregor’s room clean and provided him with food and drink. His mother, while never able to handle looking at Gregor, helps her daughter rearrange Gregor’s room so he can better climb the walls. For a while, it seems that this could go on indefinitely, but when the family realizes that keeping Gregor was becoming more and more of a liability and disrupting their newly found life, they become agitated with his predicament and finally reject him. Even his sister, who at first seems to be Gregor’s only provider, wonders why Gregor just won’t leave. Finally, his room is reduced to a storage closet where all of the family’s undesirables are kept. Gregor dies alone, unwanted and a shell of what he once was.

After Gregor’s death, the family feels a great sense of relief. While you might think the family would mourn or regret the death of their son (or what use to be him) the father states, “now thanks be to God.” In fact, it is as if a great burden has been released from the Samsa’s lives. The father, mother and daughter, arm in arm, enter a new day. As Kafka describes, “a certain softness was perceptible in the fresh air.” On that day they decided to go on a trip to the countryside where they contemplate their futures and ponder the prospects of a husband for their daughter. While it is hard to imagine that they did not miss Gregor during his human life, they certainly were relieved that the responsibility of taking care of Gregor, the bug, was over.

The relief felt by the Samsa family can be compared to the relief felt by a family that has experienced the death of a relative, after caring for their terminal illness. Take for example my wife. When she was 17, she was given the job of caring for her terminal ill mother who was suffering from colon cancer. Although the doctor’s intentions were good, her mother ended up a quadriplegic after surgery to remove the cancer. My wife’s four older brothers, always the pride of her mothers, suddenly did not want to come by the house for a visit. My wife remembers a time when her mother, overweight prior to becoming a quadriplegic, fell out of bed and needed to be lifted back into bed by four police offers. My wife recalls another time when she was sick of fixing her mother’s pillows and told her to “fix her damn pillows herself!” By the time my wife’s mother passed away, her sole purpose was to take care of her mother, 24 hours a day with little or no help from the rest of her family. When death came, it was greeted with grief and despair, but with relief that my wife could resume with living her life. As I asked my wife about her experience, I noted similarities in Kafka’s ‘Metamorphosis.’ The most significant is my wife’s comments that her mother would look out the window often, such as Kafta describes about Gregor, “obviously in some recollection of the sense of freedom that looking out of a window always used to give him.”

The Metamorphosis is much more than just a story about a man that turns into a bug, it symbolizes the changes that occur in relationships when sickness inflicts a once healthy and vibrant individual of the family. Take for example Gregor prior to his Metamorphosis. He labors unselfishly for his family’s welfare and puts the needs of his family first. Although his family does love him, their experience of dealing with his ‘bug’ problem changes how they view and treat him. The same can be said of my wife’s mother. All of her life she helped people and sheltered kids in her home, but when illness struck, the relationships with her family changed similar to Gregors. The relief felt by Gregor’s family and my wife are similar because both were under a tremendous amount of pressure to provide care for the person who once cared for them. When death came, it was viewed as a new beginning. The Metamorphosis, above all, shows us how difficult a terminal illness is, not only for the person it effects, but also for the family and friends of the individual affected. Kafka’s story not only teaches us about death and the terminally ill, it should give us a greater appreciation for the people that have provided care or love to us. In other words, we should not take for granite the people that are most important to us. If we do, we might find ourselves in the shoes of Gregor’s family!

The Squeeze Box

November 14th, 2009

squeeze_boxThis month’s Go Wireless column features the high end sound quality and versatility of спални комплектиlogictech’s Wi-Music system called the Squeeze Box. The Squeeze box comes in many different versions and configurations. From the stand along classic base system to the new Squeezebox duet system that can control music from anywhere in your home. Logitech provides plenty of room to expand your system with a number of upgrade paths from bedroom to full complete remote stereo system. This system’s price is not for the faint hearted as the starting price for the classic base system is over $199, however, for those die hard Internet Radio fans there is just no other system that can beat the tons of features, qualities and the number of Internet Radio channels this system showcases.

The squeeze box is compatible with Live365, so hooking up to any one of Celtic Radio’s five channels is as easy as clicking the remote button of the squeeze box. Configuration of this device is a breeze. It auto-detects networks and hooking up to your own local wireless network takes only a few minutes (and that is without reading the manual). The sound quality is amazing with rock-solid network performance (no network issues or waiting for the station to load). The size of the squeeze box is impressively sleek and fits beautifully and proudly in with any of your other home theater equipment. Not only can you play thousands of Internet Radio stations, but this unit can sync up with your own music collection on your home PC through an intuitive software application called Slimssqueeze_box_remoteerver. Again, the theme here is “easy to configure” and the software holds true to that description. The wonderful engineers of Logictech have even included versions to run on Linux, Mac and Windows making this one of the most versatile products available for Wi-Fi music.

Product Description:
Squeezebox is the affordable way to deliver music into every room of your home. It plays a wide variety of digital music files, including uncompressed and lossless formats — across a true 802.11g wireless network connection. Squeezebox will revolutionize the way you listen by freeing you and your music. Its convenient and stylish form makes it ideal for placing in any room, whether connected to an existing Hi-Fi system or simply powered speakers. By utilizing true 802.11g Wi-Fi networking and dual internal antennas, your listening is no longer restricted by cables and connectors. Squeezebox offers you the widest choice of listening options beyond your digital media collection. The product includes a directory of thousands of internet radio stations and features Pandora’s personalized music service and Rhapsody’s 2 million song collection. All internet music streaming services are even available when your computer is turned off.

Technical Details:

  • Lossless Formats (Apple Lossless, FLAC, WMA Lossless) and Uncompressed formats (AIFF, WAV, PCM).
  • Compressed formats (MP3, AAC, Ogg Vorbis, MP2, MusePack, WMA).
  • Bridging capability allows Ethernet devices to connect to the network through Squeezebox Wireless.
  • True 802.11g wireless networking.
  • “Always-on” Internet Radio, powered by mysqueezebox.com, lets you tune in to Internet Radio streams even when the home PC is switched off.

Play the music you want, where you want it:
Enjoy a world of music in your living room, bedroom, home office, kitchen—anywhere in your home. Add more Squeezebox Wi-Fi music players and listen to a different song in any room in your home, or synchronize them all together to hear the same music everywhere. You can also use the Squeezebox Controller to control the entire family of Squeezebox players throughout your home.

Perfect in any room:
The auto-dimming display adjusts for any lighting condition and is readable from across a room. The aqua-blue display features an integrated light sensor that complements ambient lighting—so it’s never too bright, or too dim.

Wake to your personal soundtrack:
With Squeezebox Boom’s seven-day alarm, you’ll wake up to your favorite playlist, Internet radio station, or nature sound—you can even choose something different for each day of the week. Or use the convenient sleep mode to automatically turn off your music. A built-in backup helps keep your alarm settings for up to two weeks if your Boom is unplugged.

Enjoy crystal clear sound big enough for any room in your home:
The high performance signal processor, class D amplifiers, and digital crossover all work in concert to deliver stunning audio quality. Squeezebox Boom’s high-speed 802.11g wireless technology, secure connectivity options, and dual internal antennas eliminate the need to run any wires. Squeezebox Boom plays virtually any digital music format, including MP3, FLAC, WMA, WMA Lossless, AAC, Apple Lossless, WAV, and AIFF.

Works on the follow Internet Radio Services:

squeeze_box_radio_BU

 

 

 

 

 

Overview/Review:
stars-5-0 The workmanship, design and easy of use earns the Squeeze Box Wi-Fi Internet Radio a 5 Star review from Celtic Radio. This system is a real genius of innovation by the folks from logictech. An impressive compilation of technology, internet and music to give you many hours of enjoyment. Now Go Wireless!

Knights Templar

November 8th, 2009

knights_templar“Take the sign of the cross. At once you will have indulgence for all the sins which you confess with a contrite heart. It does not cost you much to buy, and if you wear it with humility, you will find that it is the Kingdom of Heaven.”

In this inspiring sermon Saint Bernard exhorted young men to join the Knights Templar, a monastic military order formed at the end of the First Crusade to protect Christian pilgrims on route to the Holy Land. These knights have recently been in the news because of the popular book, The De Vinci Code, a mystery involving the bloodline of Jesus, the Knights, and the Holy Grail.

For an idealistic younger son unable to claim an inheritance because of the rule of primogeniture this was a prestigious and altruistic way of life. (This rule required that the family’s land would be left to the eldest son.) Chastity seemed a small price to pay to join this Order, founded in 1118 by Hugh de Payens and eight companions from Champagne and Provence.

Poor Beginnings
The first Crusade began when Alexius Comnenus, Emperor of Byzantium, wrote to Pope Urban III requesting help to repel the Turks from the Eastern part of his Empire. The Pope seized this opportunity to save the Holy Land from the Moslems and men flocked to fight for Jerusalem. After three difficult years the Crusaders gained control of Jerusalem. Pilgrims could at last travel to the land where their Savior was born, but both the land routes and the sea ways were very dangerous. The route through Constantinople, Nicea and Antioch was beset by bands of highway robbers and the sea routes were roamed by pirates eager to take possession of ships and capture slaves.  Originally called The Poor Knights of Christ, the Templars at first escorted pilgrims from Jerusalem to the banks of the Jordan, living on the alms they received. Later they protected the route from the Mediterranean Coast to Jerusalem, providing safe escorts for Christian pilgrims. They had no habit or rule.

Ascent to Power
In 1128 the luck of the ‘Warrior Monks” as they were nicknamed changed. St. Bernard of Clairvaux, called the Second Pope, and the chief spokesman of Christendom at that time, gained the Pope’s backing for these knights with whom he was greatly impressed. “First of all, there is discipline and unqualified obedience…they live in a community, soberly and in joy, without wife and children…Never overdressed, they bathe rarely, and are dirty and hirsute, tanned by the coat of mail and the sun.” he said. (They don’t sound too attractive – not my idea of ‘knights in shining amour’!) The Rule of Saint Benedict was approved and they now had a habit – a white mantle emblazoned with a red cross.

The Knights were now immune from all authority except the Pope’s and exempt froknights_templar_badgem taxes and even tithes. They also gained great wealth from the possessions of new recruits who had to sign their worldly goods to the Order, donations flooding in, and the ownership of land which included much of London and grand temples in Paris and Jerusalem. There are still remarkable ruins of castles built by the Knights in the Holy Land. In 1307 they even bought Yorkshire for the very cheap price of 1300 pounds and for a time they owned Cyprus. The Knights virtually invented banking, getting around the rule against usury, and lending money to monarchs and merchants. The clergy of the Holy Land disliked the Knight’s privileges and power because the revenue of their churches had been diminished, as the Knight’s revenues grew.

The Knights were considered brave soldiers, the scourge of the Moslems, and fought alongside King Richard the First and other famous monarchs. Their courage in dying for their religion unfortunately led to a large decimation of their numbers. If they were taken prisoner they refused to deny Christ, and many died martyrs. Almost 20,000 may have died in the wars.

Decline
In 1314 Philip the Fair (perhaps that should be unfair?) annoyed by the Knight’s influence and power, and needing money for his war against England, decided to destroy the Knights. The secret initiation ceremonies and meetings of the Templars gave him the means to do this. Gaining the Pope’s support, he charged them with heresy, accusing them of blasphemy and homosexuality among other things, so that he could seize their money and assets. Many confessed under dreadful tortures and most were burnt at the stake.

The last Grand Master, Jacques de Molay, was burned at the stake, before the gates of the palace. According to legend de Molay cursed King Philip and Pope Clement as he burned saying that both men would join him within a year. Clement died one month later and Philip IV seven months after Clement.

Guest of the Nation

November 8th, 2009

ira‘Guests of the Nation’, is a story revolving around the hostilities between England and Ireland during the struggle for Ireland to be a free and sovereign nation. The plot of the story involves two relatively new recruitment’s to the Irish army, Noble and Bonaparte, who discover the true nature of the reason why they are holding two captured British soldiers – Belcher and Hawkins. As told through the eyes of Bonaparte, the two Irish soldiers must ultimately witness and take part in the execution of the hostages that they have befriended. Standing silent and with duty to country, Jeremiah Donovan is the seasoned Irish veteran of the war that watches as the friendship develops between Belcher, Hawkins, Noble and Bonaparte. When four Irish hostages end up dead (killed by the British army), Donovan explains to Bonaparte that two hostages they hold will be killed in retaliation for the Irish lad’s death. Jeremiah Donovan’s character in ‘Guest of the Nation’ is that of the seasoned soldier of war that by his actions, displays to Noble and Bonaparte what war is really all about.

Donovan is a staunch Irishman, with a temper, who has obviously been a soldier for sometime. Based on Bonaparte’s observation, Donovan appears to be a farmer by trade, a big man who wears a small cloth hat and seldom has his hands out of his pockets. As a character, Donovan does not change throughout the story, but maintains his continued duty as a patriotic soldier of the Irish army. Even when Belcher and Hawkins poise no threat of escaping and causing any problems, Donovan scolds Bonaparte for following him into the village and tells him he should be guarding the prisoners. Donovan does not display any hatred towards Belcher and Hawkins. When he admits to Bonaporte that, “I thought you knew we were keeping them as hostages” this would indicate that Donovan had been involved in hostage taking in the past. It makes perfect sense to Donovan that if the enemy shoots prisoners belonging to them, then they will shoot Belcher and Hawkins. While this would make sense to a solider of war, Bonaparte tries to explain the difference in the situation, but does not because he knew Donovan would not understand. Bonaparte makes the analogy that “If it was only an old dog that was going to the vet’s, you’d try and not get too fond of him, but Jeremiah Donovan wasn’t a man that would ever be in danger of that.”

 Through out the story, Donovan keeps his distance from Belcher and Hawkins. Although he supervises the card games between Belcher, Hawkins, Noble and Bonaporte, he hardly played in the game. In fact, Bonaparte does not even notice Donovan’s apparent lack of interest in Noble and Hawkins. Not until after Bonaparte has befriended the two British men does it occur to him that Donovan “had no great love for the two Englishmen.” Donovan, as a solider of the war, realizes that he can not befriend the enemies, as he knows what their ultimate fate is. Noble and Bonaparte do not realize this and Donovan, so consumed with the duty of country and war, does not warn them of the possibility of execution until it was too late and the doomed friendship had already begun.

When word of the execution of the four Irish lads comes, Donovan wastes no time in proceeding with executing Belcher and Hawkins. The impact the war has had on Donovan shines through when he angrily tells Bonaparte that he wants “those two soldier friends of yours”, as if almost expecting resistance from Bonaparte. Donovan tries his best to explain to Belcher and Hawkins that he is only doing “his duty”, that he holds nothing against them, but he makes a point to Hawkins when he says, “but why did your people take out four of our prisoners and shoot them in cold blood?” He then takes Hawkins by the arm and drags him along. Through out the execution Donovan asks each man for any last words and last prayers, then quickly executes each of them with a shot to the head.  Donovan, without emotion or regret, performed the executions quickly and without hesitation. His actions speak louder than words. Numb to what he was about to do, he makes sure that he tells both victims that he is only doing this because of duty, as if that is the justification of which he basis the executions on.

‘Guests of the Nation” is a powerful story that teaches us what war is really all about – killing. When Noble and Bonaparte become soldiers, they desire the excitement of the battlefield and to help defeat the British in their political rule over Ireland. Both of them are naive to what war is really about. The last place they wanted to be was guarding two prisoners of war that seemed to be more intent on being their friend, than being their enemy. Donovan, the seasoned soldier, knows what the war is about and knows that the prisoners are the enemy and are to be dealt with as enemies. He keeps his distance from them and when it comes time to perform his duty, he does so. On the other hand are Noble and Bonaparte who have not experienced the cruelty of war. They do not understand, as Donovan does, that war is about people being killed, just like themselves. From a distance, the enemy seems real, vicious and does not regard human life. But up close, you find out that the enemy is no different than you and I. ‘Guests of the Nation’ personifies this and provides insight into how a war can change a person, from the green and naive Bonaparte, to the seasoned soldier of war, Donovan. In the end, Bonaparte would become like Donovan because he was numbed by the cruelty of war. As Bonaparte states after the executions had taken place, “And anything that happened to me afterwards, I never felt the same about again.”

Salem – Trials of Hysteria

October 28th, 2009

bridgetWhen anyone mentions witches, outside of Halloween, one place will usually come to the minds of most people – Salem. For some reason; perhaps because of the major publicity it has received over the years – through books, movies, and tourism, or perhaps because people need to remember what horror was brought about through sheer hysteria and gossip; Salem is the most talked about of all the worldwide witch trials.

In the summer of 1692 terror reigned in Salem, Massachusetts, USA. On the word of several young girls in the village, who were exhibiting strange behaviour that they said was brought on by witchcraft, many of the townsfolk were brought to the prison and tried on the charge of witchcraft. There was no-one exempt from the adolescents’ accusing fingers. Popular people, professional people, men, women and even children were brought before the court and interrogated.

First to be accused was Tituba, the Carib Indian slave belonging to Reverend Samuel Parris. Along with Tituba, Sarah Good and Sarah Osborne were also arrested. Of these, only Tituba confessed to witchcraft – and remarkably, of the three, she was the only one to survive!

The youngest of the accused was four years old. Imagine the horror that little girl, Dorcas Good – daughter of Sarah Good, must have felt to be CHAINED to the wall of the rat-infested prison for almost 10 months before she was found not guilty – but not before she watched her mother convicted and taken to the gallows to be hung. In the period that her mother was imprisoned, her sibling also died – a child that Sarah was still nursing was taken to the prison with her but died before Sarah was hung.

In total 19 of those accused of witchcraft were hanged on Gallows Hill. 13 of the convicted were women, and 6 of them men. Giles Corey, also died as a result of the trials – he was pressed to death when refusing to plead guilty or otherwise. His wife was hanged for witchcraft 3 days after his death. Although prison records offer conflicting information, it is thought that as many as 13 other accused people died in prison during the witch trials. Between 100 and 200 people were arrested on charges of witchcraft – and two dogs executed.

Who was to blame for this gross miscarriage of justice, created by ignorance and fear? Perhaps it was the physician who could not identify what illness Elizabeth Parris and Abigail Williams (aged 9 and 11 respectively) had which caused them to have convulsions, trance-like states and other strange behaviour. His diagnosis was therefore to suggest that they were under Satan’s influence. Perhaps it was Tituba who created the “witch cake” that was made up of rye meal and urine from the sick girls and given to a dog to eat in the hope that the witch who had inflicted the girls would be identified. It was also Tituba who confessed to witchcraft and then gave evidence against Sarah Good, Sarah Osborne and others. Perhaps it was the young girls themselves – not only Abigail and Elizabeth, but also Ann Putnum, Elizabeth Hubbard, Susannah Sheldon, Mercy Lewis and Mary Warren – who were guilty of mischievously accusing anyone who had crossed them? Perhaps it was the townspeople who allowed hysteria to override commonsense and set one neighbour up to accuse his/her neighbour of witchcraft because they did not conform to normal social standards or because the butter turned sour after one of the accused hsalemad visited . Perhaps it was the court that allowed hearsay and malicious gossip convict and kill innocent people. Perhaps it was the laws that covered the court and said the trials were “legal”. Whoever or whatever was to blame, the outcome was the same. Many innocent people were condemned to death – and their sentences carried out – whilst many others spent months in prison needlessly and never recovered from their experience.

In 1697 Samual Sewall, one of the judges in the witch trials publicly confessed to the wrong doing he had helped to escalate, and offered an apology to the relatives of those who had died. The matter has never been allowed to die however. In 1706 Ann Putnam apologised for her actions during the summer of 1692. In 1711, a bill was passed through the legislature that restored the names of those accused, and gave £600 in restitution to their heirs – this included money for those like Dorcas Good who never recovered from her ordeal and required to be looked after for the rest of her life. In 1957 the State of Massachusetts formally apologised, and in 1992, a memorial to the witch trials was dedicated in Salem – now renamed “Danvers”.

Those who died needlessly have not died quietly. Their memory lives on, not only in the minds of their generations of relatives that followed them, but also those who strive to prevent such an atrocity happening again.

“I am no witch. I am innocent. I know nothing of it.” Bridget Bishop, first of Salem’s accused to be hanged on June 10th 1692.

The Real Dracula

October 5th, 2009

draculaHis name has inspired fear, horror and revulsion throughout the centuries. He has been immortalized in books, film and television series. Vampires are mostly myth; but, Dracula is indeed real. Prince Vlad III was born in either November or December of the year 1431 in the town of Sighisoara in Transylvania. His father was the son of Mircea cel Batrin (Mircea the Elder). He was an important ruler of Wallachia, an area of Southern Romania which is situated north of the Danube and south of the Carpathian Mountains.

When Mircea died, his crown did not immediately pass to his descendants. The leader was elected by the boyars, the highest rank of the nobility. Vlad’s father was Mircea’s illegitimate son. Since Mircea had no legitimate heirs, his brother Dan II, contested the senior Vlad’s right to rule. The elder Vlad married Cneajna Musati, the daughter of King Alexandru cel Brun (Alexander the Kind) of the kingdom of Moldova. They had three sons. Vlad III was their youngest.

The year that Vlad III was born, his father, who had been brought up in the Hungarian court of King Sigismund of Hungary, was made governor of Transylvania. Previously, he had been inducted by the same Sigismund into the Order of the Dragon, a secret order of knights that were supposed to defend Christianity against the Ottoman Turks. 

Because of his father’s involvement with the Order of the Dragon, Vlad III became known as Dracula, “The Son of the Dragon”. His father became known as Vlad Dracul. In 1436, Vlad Dracul killed the Danesti king, Alexandru I Aldea (he came after Dan II, the very man who originally opposed Vlad’s first attempt at kingship). Then, Vlad II crowned himself King of Wallachia.

Vlad II didn’t have an easy reign. He was both a liege of the Hungarian king and subject to paying tribute to the Ottoman Turks. In 1442, he was accused by Hungary’s new king, Ulaszlo I, of failing to defend Wallachia from the Turks. He was ousted. Vlad II appealed to the Ottoman sultan, Murad II, for help. He regained his throne but was forced to give the Ottoman his two youngest sons, Radu the Handsome and Vlad Dracula. Vlad Dracula was only 13 at the time.

Dracula spent the next four years as a prisoner of the Ottomans. During that time, there was a crusade against the Turks. Vlad’s dad sent his oldest son, Mircea, to fight for Hungary and hoped it wouldn’t anger the Turks. This upset the powerful Hungarian warlord, John Hunyadi, as well as the Hungarian king. After the Hungarians lost the Crusade of Varna, Vlad and his oldest son, Mircea, were killed. A puppet king ruled in their stead.

The Turks released Dracula at this time (1448). They gave him an army with the intent that he would overthrow this new king. He got the throne but, in the fashion of the time, didn’t keep it very long. By the end of 1448, he was living in exile in Moldavia. The Hungarians put back their puppet ruler, Vladislav II.

Three years into his exile, Prince Bogdan of Moldavia was assassinated. That kingdom was thrown into turmoil. Vlad Dracula fled and sought shelter in John Hunyadi’s court. Although Hunyadi was his family’s enemy, Vlad Dracula and he now had a common enemy, Vladislav II. Yes. Vladislav had recently begun implementing pro-Turkish policies which angered Hunyadi and the Hungarian court.

Dracula became Hunyadi’s vassal. Hunyadi presented him as the Hungarian candidate for the kingship of Wallachia. He remained in Transylvania for several more years, under Hunyadi’s protection before retaking Wallachia in 1456. That same year, Hunyadi led an unsuccessful campaign against the Turks, to whom Constantinople fell in 1453. Hunyadi’s failure would impact Vlad’s successes. He would only rule Wallachia until 1462 when the Turks laid siege to his castle. During that siege, Dracula’s first wife committed suicide so as not to be captured by the Turks.

Dracula escaped and became a prisoner of the Hungarian King, Matthias Corvinus (Hunyadi’s son). He was held in a tower at one point; but, towards the end of his imprisonment, he had married a cousin of the Hungarian King, Ilona Szilagy. They eventually struck an agreement to return Vlad to the throne. Interestingly enough, Vlad’s older brother, Radu, was King of Wallachia during this time. Vlad’s return to the throne was accomplished in 1475; however, Dracula would not remain there long. He was murdered during a battle yet under suspicious circumstances in 1477. Some say that the bogyars, perhaps led by Radu or inspired by revenge, had him killed.

Of course, this confusing but basic history doesn’t really explain where Dracula got his reputation from does it?

During his lifetime, Vlad was known for his brutality. He enjoyed impaling people. Legend has it that he began impaling rats while a teenager in the Turkish prisons. One account says that he had impaled over 20,000 men, women and children and left them on the battlefield so that the Turks could see his cruelty. Of course, many of these stories are exaggerated and perhaps even fabricated.

But, there is still some truth to the fact that he was a bit on the blood-thirsty side.

On Easter Sunday of 1457, Vlad, who had just reclaimed the throne of Wallachia a year before, invited the bogyars (nobles) to an elaborate Easter feast. After their meal, his soldiers rounded up the able-bodied and marched them to Poenari to build his castle. Those that survived the arduous construction process were then impaled.

In fact, even minor transgressions in his kingdom were punishable by death. Thieves and adulterers were subject to the stake. So were the poor. One story distributed via a German pamphlet in the late 15th century mentions that he invited a group of beggars to his castle. He had them all burned so that no one would be poor in his lands. Those merchants he thought that had ignored his trade laws would often find their towns raided; and, in some cases, burned to the ground. He did not discriminate between man, woman, or child. All were subject to his punishments.

Another story says that he nailed a turban to the head of a Turkish emissary from the Ottoman sultan when the man refused to remove his turban from his head in the Wallachian king’s presence. Other rumors say that Vlad would often eat while watching his victims’ die. Others say he even drank their blood or at their flesh. It does seem that impaled bodies often surrounded the king in his banquet hall.

Although Bram Stoker’s classic novel Dracula tells the story of a Transylvanian noble, it has become quite clear in recent years that Stoker didn’t base his story on any particular historical figure. He used an amalgam of a bunch of these old wives’ tales and legends from the region. It so happens that this blood-thirsty Romanian noble of the latter 15th century, gets the credit for being the ultimate blood-drinker, a vampire we still fear and desperately want to believe in.

To the Romanian people, however, Vlad Tepes has become somewhat of a national hero. He is the man who united Wallachia and tried to keep foreign influences i.e., Hungarian and Turk, out of his realm. He is credited by many as the father of the modern Romanian state; and, his memory was revamped and revitalized in Romania during the time of Ceausescu.

Whatever the truth is, the fact remains that Dracula is a myth that has grown above and beyond any one historical figure. Vampires are part of our Halloween lore and legend. To some, the truth is scarier – and stranger – than the fiction; however.

By Deanna Couras Goodson

Celtic Wedding Traditions

October 1st, 2009

braveheart_weddingCeltic weddings were simple and meaningful. Their weddings often took place outside with nature to bless the union. Nature was very important to the Celts. They believed the soul existed within and outside of an individual. The soul would manifest in the trees, the rocks, the waters and the sun. Humans and the world around them were intertwined, the soul tied to the spirit of the earth. Their belief in marriage was that two souls would join together so their strengths would be twice as great and hardships only half as hard. Marriage was an institution not to be entered into lightly. It was the union of two souls, two hearts and two minds. Modern couples can take some of these meaningful beliefs and incorporate them into their wedding ceremony by using some of the old Celtic rituals, traditions and symbols.

The feast was one of the most important aspects of a Celtic wedding. Unlike today where the ceremony and reception are viewed separately, traditional Celtic weddings incorporated everything into one big ceremony. The families and friends of both the bride and groom were there along with members of the community. The Celtic bride was very important. The term bride is Celtic in origin and refers to Brigid, an exalted goddess of Celtic lore. The veil is a very old tradition. Before the bride is veiled she is a maiden. When she wears her veil she becomes a goddess in her own right, she takes on her mystery and feminine powers. When she is unveiled by her groom she returns to this world changed as her old life has ended and a new one begins.

The ceremony itself was a very simple ritual called handfasting. The bride and groom would stand facing each other holding hands and they were bound by a ceremonial rope, cord, or wrap. This is where the term “tying the knot” comes from. This symbolically signified the unity of the couple. There are many variations on how handfastings were performed, they seem to vary throughout the times and regions. Some involved only one cord or rope, others involved up to six. Scottish weddings used a piece of the family tartan to tie the wedded couple. In some rituals, to finalize the marriage the couple would hold hands and jump over a branch or a broom into their new life together.braveheart_couple

Many customs are specific to local areas of Ireland, Scotland and Brittany. Some have survived the times and are still used today. The Claddagh ring is from Ireland. It was named from one of Ireland’s oldest fishing villages. These rings have been in use in Ireland for several hundred years. The two hands clutching a heart are for friendship, the crown for loyalty or fidelity, and the heart symbolizes love. The custom is if single you wear the ring on the right hand facing out, you wear it facing in if spoken for. On the left hand you wear the ring outward meaning you are engaged. During the wedding ceremony the ring is then turned inward to signify the final devotion of the heart in marriage. The claddagh symbol can be incorporated into your modern wedding on invitations, decorations, etc.

Another beautiful way to incorporate Celtic symbols into your wedding is with Celtic knotwork designs. The designs were created using one or several unbroken lines. The more the lines interlaced each other, the more they would protect against evil. The meaning of the symbols can sometimes be confusing because the Celts did not keep records of their meaning. Therefore my advice is to choose what you like. I like what are called love knots and the triquetra, a three pronged knot which symbolizes the trinity the Celts believed in. They always connected everything in threes.

If you are of Scottish heritage you can always incorporate you family tartan or plaid into your wedding. If the groom and groomsmen don’t want to wear the traditional kilts, they could have sashes made out of the tartan, or even vests to be worn with the tuxedos. It was also customary in Scottish weddings for the groom to pin a piece of his family tartan on the bride after the exchange of rings.

Another Celtic symbol dates from Wales during the 17th century. It is a Welsh Love spoon. A love spoon is a decorated, hand carved wooden spoon. A young man would present it to his sweetheart as a token of affection and/or betrothal. It is thought the love spoon represented an early form of an engagement ring, or the acceptance of a serious courtship. The carver was very skilled because even very large spoons were carved from just one piece of wood. The spoon could be plain or intricately designed with symbols. The exact meanings are uncertain but there are a few accepted symbols and corresponding meanings. The heart symbolized that my heart is yours, two hearts symbolized that we feel the same about each other, a horseshoe was for good luck and happiness, the knot symbolized everlasting love, leaves and vines symbolized love growing, double spoons symbolized the couple together forever and a triple spoon symbolized family. If you can find any of these or have someone carve them for you they make a very unique item for you to present to your loved one.

There are many Celtic traditions that have not survived the times, but I hope a few of these may help you with adding some Celtic heritage into your wedding. Use what you like and what feels special to you.

William Shakespeare’s Hamlet

September 27th, 2009

william_shakespeare1William Shakespeare’s “Hamlet, Prince of Denmark”, is a play that bridges the past with the present in terms of its content and dramatics. Many of the same attributes that people expect from a good movie or book can be found in Shakespeare’s Hamlet and in other plays that Shakespeare wrote. Hamlet has been regarded as Shakespeare’s most famous play, intriguing readers with its many underlying themes and symbols that can be related to a persons own life.  Because of the many different ways a person could interpret the character of Hamlet, it continues to amaze and provide debate to readers today. The story line revolves around Hamlet, and his desire to avenge his father’s death when he discovers, from the ghost of his father, that his Uncle is responsible for his father’s murder. To complicate matters, his mother’s marriage to Hamlet’s Uncle, only 2 months after his father’s death, has left Hamlet deceived about his mother and what he thought her to be. While the story line in Hamlet is just as good as any modern day tale of a tragedy, complete with action, blood and gore, it is the underlying interpretation of Hamlet that has provided nearly 400 years of spirited debate. Shakespeare’s “Hamlet, Prince of Denmark” is pertinent to us today based on the following three significant reasons.

First, “Hamlet, Prince of Denmark”, provides historical literary significance because of who wrote it and when they wrote it. William Shakespeare, by himself, is recognized world wide as one of the greatest poets and English playwrights. Although there is very little documentation on the life that Shakespeare lived, a lot can be said of Shakespeare through his poems, sonnets and playwrights. Reading through Hamlet, one can gain insight into the attributes that were important to Shakespeare and thereby know the person, whom so little is known about. Another significant feature of Hamlet, in historical context, is the time that the play was written, in 1600. Through the verses that Shakespeare has written, the period of the Renaissance comes alive to the reader. Kings, Queens, Lords and realms, with all of the glory of nobility, envisions the mind of the reader and brings the past to life.

The second reason how Hamlet is important to us can be thought of as a bridge to the past. The people that enjoyed the playwrights of Shakespeare were perhaps not all that different from the people of today. Whereas a family of today enjoys a good movie that contains action, adventure, romance and surprise, a family of 1600 enjoyed the very same attributes that can be found in the content of Shakespeare’s Hamlet. Shakespeare’s literary works have bridged space and time, effecting the lives and our learning experiences in the world of today. Perhaps it was more of Shakespeare, bridging his writings into the future, that seem to have withstood the age of time and still remain as some of the most important writings in human history. As his contemporary, Ben Johnson, stated, “he was not of an age, but for all time!”

Finally, the third reason Hamlet is pertinent to us is for the social and political statements that are emphasized through the thoughts and human expressions of Shakespeare’s characters: statements that are just as emotional today as they were in 1600. While Hamlet by itself is an intriguing and entertaining story, it is the messages and expressions of human nature that lay underneath the story line, embracing generations of readers, from 1600, to 2010 and beyond. Such is the case when Hamlet discovers that his mother has married his deceitful Uncle, within two months of his father’s death. The shock of learning of this revelation, and the fact that Hamlet was disillusioned by his mother’s actions, brings to light a theme that is common to human nature, that a person may not be the person that they portray to be. In the innocence of our youth, there is goodness in the faces of the people we meet and have come to know. As Hamlet discovers, the innocence of youth quickly turns to disillusion when a loved one acts in a manner unbecoming to the nature they have portrayed. This is but one example of the many examples of symbolism and hidden messages that Shakespeare has creatively interwoven into Hamlet. What is remarkable about Shakespeare’s writings in Hamlet, is that so many different interpretations can be concluded from the thoughts and impressions of the characters Shakespeare has created. From political statements, to questions facing our own selves in our struggle to make sense of life, Shakespeare strikes a different chord in the thoughts and interpretations of each reader’s mind.

The mystic of William Shakespeare is not that he wrote about ideas and themes that people could not understand, but that he wrote about real life events and expressed the human character that we can all personally related to. Through Shakespeare’s Hamlet, we can understand that Shakespeare was a real life individual who thought, questioned and dreamed at an important time in human history, a time that holds the same values as we do today. It is intriguing that for a man who wrote so much, that there is so very little written about the life he lived. Perhaps Shakespeare wanted to be remembered in the words he wrote, and not judged by the life he lived. A fitting tribute for one of the world’s most known English poets and another example of the mystic of William Shakespeare. The beauty of Shakespeare’s writings is that 400 years later; his writings still have meaning and significance. Shakespeare’s writings are relative to yesterday, today and tomorrow. This is how Hamlet and other Shakespeare writings are pertinent to us today.

Sennheiser Wireless RF Headphones

September 27th, 2009

wireless_headphonesWe continue with this month’s “Go Wireless” article to explore the many different ways to utilize wireless technology to improve your home music experience. The Sennheiser RS120 Wireless RF headphones with charging cradle is this month’s featured product. This is an ideal choice for wireless use of both Hi-Fi audio, Computer and the TV. The open-ear headphones are supraaural and provide detailed, warm sound reproduction with a strong bass response. The headphone receives sound through walls and ceilings so you won’t have to remain in the same room as your equipment. Power comes from NiMH batteries that are recharged by simply putting the headphones on their transmitter base that can be mounted to a wall. The entire system weighs just 8.1 ounces.

These headphones are absolutely amazing. There is no interference and the claims of 300 feet range is just about right. Sound quality is excellent. Bass is strong, mids are prominent, and highs are crisp. The headphones and base are ergonomically made and look just great next to your computer or home theater system. One of the impressive features of this product is the versatility of using it with any number of home music systems. Whether that is your DVD player, Computer, MP3 player or Internet Radio system – the Sennheiser RS120 works flawlessly with all!

Current price for the Sennheiser RS120 is $62.61 from Amazon.com which is currently 43% off from its regular price. If your range requirements are less then 300 feet, then you might try the model below – the RS110 which is currently retailing for under $40. Either way you can’t go wrong with the Sennheiser and that earns it a 5 star review from CelticRadio.net. Now Go Wireless!

 Features of the Sennheiser RS120:

  • Wireless freedom and stereo sound with reception through walls and ceilings up to 328 feet
  • Simple, built-in recharging
  • Detailed, warm sound reproduction with strong bass response
  • Open-Aire design for hi-fidelity audio reproduction
  • Volume, on/off and tuning control located on the headphone
  • Very lightweight headphones are comfortable to wear for long periods of time
  • Replaceable earpads for long service life
  • Charging stand also stores the headphones when not in use
  • Transmitter can be wall-mounted
  • Supports the use of multiple headphones receiving the RF signal from one transmitter (use HDR 120)
  • Delivery includes transmitter, power cable, audio cable and headphones
  • Connects to RCA jacks (red and white outputs), 1/8″ and 1/4″ headphone sockets (anything with a headphone jack including laptop and desktop computers!)
  • 3 selectable transmit-channels for avoiding interference and/or using more than 1 transmitter in a room
  • (2) AAA NiMH rechargeable batteries included